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Discontinuous mechanical behaviors of existing shield tunnel with stiffness reduction at longitudinal

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第1期页码 37-52 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0920-3

摘要： An analytical model is proposed to estimate the discontinuous mechanical behavior of an existing shield tunnel above a new tunnel. The existing shield tunnel is regarded as a Timoshenko beam with longitudinal joints. The opening and relative dislocation of the longitudinal joints can be calculated using Dirac delta functions. Compared with other approaches, our method yields results that are consistent with centrifugation test data. The effects of the stiffness reduction at the longitudinal joints (α and β), the shearing stiffness of the Timoshenko beam GA, and different additional pressure profiles on the responses of the shield tunnel are investigated. The results indicate that our proposed method is suitable for simulating the discontinuous mechanical behaviors of existing shield tunnels with longitudinal joints. The deformation and internal forces decrease as α, β, and GA increase. The bending moment and shear force are discontinuous despite slight discontinuities in the deflection, opening, and dislocation. The deflection curve is consistent with the additional pressure profile. Extensive opening, dislocation, and internal forces are induced at the location of mutation pressures. In addition, the joints allow rigid structures to behave flexibly in general, as well as allow flexible structures to exhibit locally rigid characteristics. Owing to the discontinuous characteristics, the internal forces and their abrupt changes at vulnerable sections must be monitored to ensure the structural safety of existing shield tunnels.

关键词： tunnel–soil interaction discontinuous analysis longitudinal joints existing shield tunnel Timoshenko beam Dirac delta function

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Soil-water interaction in unsaturated expansive soil slopes

ZHAN Liangtong

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第2期页码 198-204 doi: 10.1007/s11709-007-0023-1

摘要： The intensive soil-water interaction in unsaturated expansive soil is one of the major reasons for slope failures. In this paper, the soil-water interaction is investigated with the full-scale field inspection of rainwater infiltration and comprehensive experiments, including wetting-induced softening tests, swelling, and shrinkage tests. It is demonstrated that the soil-water interaction induced by seasonal wetting-drying cycles is very complex, and it involves coupled effects among the changes in water content, suction, stress, deformation and shear strength. In addition, the abundant cracks in the expansive soil play an important role in the soil-water interaction. The cracks disintegrate the soil mass, and more importantly, provide easy pathways for rainfall infiltration. Infiltration of rainwater not only results in wetting-induced softening of the shallow unsaturated soil layers, but also leads to the increase of horizontal stress. The increase of horizontal stress may lead to a local passive failure. The seasonal wetting-drying cycles tend to result in a down-slope creeping of the shallow soil layer, which leads to progressive slope failure.

关键词： strength intensive soil-water comprehensive Infiltration wetting-induced softening

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土质隧道深浅埋界定方法研究

赵占厂,谢永利

《中国工程科学》 2005年第7卷第10期页码 84-86

摘要：

针对现有隧道深浅埋界定方法存在的问题，结合现场测试和数值仿真结果，明确了应从围岩压力性质角度进行深浅埋界定。首次提出了以数值仿真技术为手段，利用拱上中心线土体侧压力系数变化规律为依据进行深浅埋界定的思路，并用2个工程实例进行了验证，新方法对土质隧道衬砌设计和施工有重大意义。

关键词：土质隧道深埋和浅埋界定方法

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Deformation control criterion of shield tunnel under lateral relaxation of soft soil

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第5期页码 780-795 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0944-3

摘要： Metro shield tunnels under the lateral relaxation of soil (LRS) are susceptible to significant lateral deformations, which jeopardizes the structural safety and waterproofing. However, deformation control standards for such situations have not been clearly defined. Therefore, based on a specific case, a model test is conducted to realize the LRS of a shield tunnel in a sandy stratum to reveal its effect on segment liners. Subsequently, a deformation control criterion is established. The LRS is simulated by linearly reducing the loads applied to the lateral sides of the segment structure. During lateral unloading, the lateral earth pressure coefficient on the segment decreases almost exponentially, and the structural deformation is characterized by horizontal expansion at the arch haunches and vertical shrinkage at the arch vault and arch bottom. Based on the mechanical pattern of the segment structure and the acoustic emission, the deformation response of a segment can be classified into three stages: elastic and quasi-elastic, damage, and rapid deformation development. For a shield tunnel with a diameter of approximately 6 m and under the lateral relaxation of sandy soil, when the ellipticity of the segment is less than 2.71%, reinforcement measures are not required. However, the segment deformation must be controlled when the ellipticity is 2.71% to 3.12%; in this regard, an ellipticity of 3% can be used as a benchmark in similar engineering projects.

关键词： shield tunnel lateral relaxation of soil deformation control criterion of segment structure model test

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Machine learning-based seismic assessment of framed structures with soil-structure interaction

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第2期页码 205-223 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0909-y

摘要： The objective of the current study is to propose an expert system framework based on a supervised machine learning technique (MLT) to predict the seismic performance of low- to mid-rise frame structures considering soil-structure interaction (SSI). The methodology of the framework is based on examining different MLTs to obtain the highest possible accuracy for prediction. Within the MLT, a sensitivity analysis was conducted on the main SSI parameters to select the most effective input parameters. Multiple limit state criteria were used for the seismic evaluation within the process. A new global seismic assessment ratio was introduced that considers both serviceability and strength aspects by utilizing three different engineering demand parameters (EDPs). The proposed framework is novel because it enables the designer to seismically assess the structure, while simultaneously considering different EDPs and multiple limit states. Moreover, the framework provides recommendations for building component design based on the newly introduced global seismic assessment ratio, which considers different levels of seismic hazards. The proposed framework was validated through comparison using non-linear time history (NLTH) analysis. The results show that the proposed framework provides more accurate results than conventional methods. Finally, the generalization potential of the proposed framework was tested by investigating two different types of structural irregularities, namely, stiffness and mass irregularities. The results from the framework were in good agreement with the NLTH analysis results for the selected case studies, and peak ground acceleration (PGA) was found to be the most influential input parameter in the assessment process for the case study models investigated. The proposed framework shows high generalization potential for low- to mid-rise structures.

关键词： seismic hazard artificial neural network soil-structure interaction seismic analysis

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Diaphragm wall-soil-cap interaction in rectangular-closed- diaphragm-wall bridge foundations

Hua WEN, Qiangong CHENG, Fanchao MENG, Xiaodong CHEN

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第1期页码 93-100 doi: 10.1007/s11709-009-0015-4

摘要： Rectangular-closed-diaphragm-wall foundation is a new type of bridge foundation. Diaphragm wall-soil-cap interaction was studied using a model test. It was observed that the distribution of soil resistance under the cap is not homogeneous. The soil resistance in the corner under the cap is larger than that in the border; and that in the center is the smallest. The distribution of soil resistance under the cap will be more uniform, if the sectional area of soil core is enlarged within a certain range. Due to the existence of cap, there is a “weakening effect” in inner shaft resistance of the upper wall segments, and there is “enhancement effect” in the lower wall segments and in toe resistance. The load shearing percentage of soil resistance under the cap is 10%-20%. It is unreasonable to ignore the effects of the cap and the soil resistance under the cap in bearing capacity calculations.

关键词： diaphragm wall bridge foundation low cap interaction

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论岩土塑性体应变与剪应变的相互作用原理

王靖涛

《中国工程科学》 2006年第8卷第9期页码 24-29

摘要：

对岩土塑性变形过程中体应变与剪应变的相互作用原理的内涵做了深入的阐述，特别对塑性体应变和剪应变之间的相互作用方式，塑性体应变对抗剪能力的直接控制作用，剪缩和剪胀发生的条件，应力路径相关性是这种相互作用的综合体现及实例验证，临界状态是塑性和弹性体应变都保持不变的纯粹剪切变形过程等方面进行了论证；根据这个相互作用原理，在理论上证明了空间临界状态线的存在性和唯一性以及它与应力是无关的。

关键词：岩土塑性体变形和剪应变的相互作用原理岩土本构关系压硬性剪胀性

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Shaking table testing of hard layered soil-pile-structure interaction system

LI Peizhen, REN Hongmei, LU Xilin, SONG Heping, CHEN Yueqing

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第3期页码 346-352 doi: 10.1007/s11709-007-0046-7

摘要： Shaking table tests on a dynamic interaction system of hard layered soil, pile foundation and frame structure were carried out. The earthquake damage of the superstructure and foundation was reproduced. Based on these tests, several key issues about the seismic response of the dynamic soil-structure interaction (SSI) system were studied. The natural frequency of the system was less than that of the structure on rigid foundation if the SSI is not taken into account, while its damping ratio was larger than that of the structure. The mode shape of the system was different from that of the structure on the fixed base in that there were rocking and swinging at the foundation. Magnification or reduction of vibration transferred by soil was related to soil characteristic, excitation magnitude, and so on. Generally, sand magnifies vibration, while viscous powder soil dampens vibration. The components of the acceleration response at the top of the superstructure were based on the relative magnitude of the rocking stiffness, the swing stiffness of the foundation and the stiffness of the super-structure. The multi-direction excitations have little effect on the key issues of the horizontal SSI.

关键词： super-structure Generally Magnification frequency different

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Nonlinear elastic model for compacted clay concrete interface

R. R. SHAKIR, Jungao ZHU

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第2期页码 187-194 doi: 10.1007/s11709-009-0033-2

摘要： In this paper, a nonlinear elastic model was developed to simulate the behavior of compacted clay concrete interface (CCCI) based on the principle of transition mechanism failure (TMF). A number of simple shear tests were conducted on CCCI to demonstrate different failure mechanisms; i.e., sliding failure and deformation failure. The clay soil used in the test was collected from the “Shuang Jang Kou” earth rockfill dam project. It was found that the behavior of the interface depends on the critical water contents by which two failure mechanisms can be recognized. Mathematical relations were proposed between the shear at failure and water content in addition to the transition mechanism indicator. The mathematical relations were then incorporated into the interface model. The performance of the model is verified with the experimental results. The verification shows that the proposed model is capable of predicting the interface shear stress versus the total shear displacement very well.

关键词： interface modeling friction soil structure interface soil structure interaction simple shear test

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A simplified method for the determination of vertically loaded pile-soil interface parameters in layeredsoil based on FLAC

Jiu-jiang WU,Yan LI,Qian-gong CHENG,Hua WEN,Xin LIANG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第1期页码 103-111 doi: 10.1007/s11709-015-0328-4

摘要： The numerical analysis of pile-soil interaction commonly requires a lot of trial works to determine the interface parameters and the accuracy cannot be ensured normally. Considering this, this paper first conducts a sensitivity analysis to figure out the influence of interface parameters on the bearing behavior of a single pile in sand. Then, a simplified method for the determination of pile-soil interface parameters in layered soil is proposed based on the parameter studies. Finally, a filed loading test is used for the validation of the simplified method, and the calculated results agree well with the monitoring data. In general, the simplified method proposed in this paper works with higher accuracy and consumes less time compared with the traditional trial works, especially on the determinations of interfacial cohesive and interfacial friction angle.

关键词： determination of interface parameters pile-soil interaction FLAC^3D sensitivity analysis layered soil

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A real-life stability model for a large shield-driven tunnel in heterogeneous soft soils

Xinyu HU, Zixin ZHANG, Scott KIEFFER

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第2期页码 176-187 doi: 10.1007/s11709-012-0149-7

摘要： The current models that have been published to date only allow for homogeneous soil at the tunnel face. This paper presents a real-life face stability model to determine the minimal pressure needed at the tunnel face for a large shield-driven tunnel in heterogeneous soft soils. It is found that the influence of multilayered soil boundaries is significant, especially for the mixed-layer (e.g., sand and clay) soils. The suggested M-M model is developed by considering the influence of the heterogeneity of the soil on the angle of slip and the minimal support pressure. Comparisons of the solutions in mixed-layer soils are conducted, and the effects of the involved parameters for a large, multilayered, shield-driven tunnel are also investigated.

关键词： analytical solution shield-driven tunnel multilayered soil face stability

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Optimum lateral extent of soil domain for dynamic SSI analysis of RC framed buildings on pile foundations

Nishant SHARMA, Kaustubh DASGUPTA, Arindam DEY

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第1期页码 62-81 doi: 10.1007/s11709-019-0570-2

摘要： This article describes a novel approach for deciding optimal horizontal extent of soil domain to be used for finite element based numerical dynamic soil structure interaction (SSI) studies. SSI model for a 12 storied building frame, supported on pile foundation-soil system, is developed in the finite element based software framework, OpenSEES. Three different structure-foundation configurations are analyzed under different ground motion characteristics. Lateral extent of soil domain, along with the soil properties, were varied exhaustively for a particular structural configuration. Based on the reduction in the variation of acceleration response at different locations in the SSI system (quantified by normalized root mean square error, ), the optimum lateral extent of the soil domain is prescribed for various structural widths, soil types and peak ground acceleration levels of ground motion. Compared to the past studies, error estimation analysis shows that the relationships prescribed in the present study are credible and more inclusive of the various factors that influence SSI. These relationships can be readily applied for deciding upon the lateral extent of the soil domain for conducting precise SSI analysis with reduced computational time.

关键词： soil structure interaction optimum lateral extent of soil domain length multi-storyed framed building pile foundation OpenSEES L-K boundaries dynamic analysis

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浅埋大跨公路隧道穿越富水软弱土层施工关键技术

赵立财

《中国工程科学》 2015年第17卷第1期页码 81-87

摘要：

以厦漳公路（厦门段）东孚隧道施工为例，介绍了?229大管棚跟管钻进咬合相接加固技术+十字交叉隔壁后拆式开挖技术在浅埋富水软弱土层隧道开挖过程中的应用；同时利用TGMIS动态智能化监测系统对施工沉降状况进行了数据采集、分析及处理，使围岩变形得到控制，顺利通过了浅埋软弱土层段掘进施工。

关键词：浅埋；富水软弱土；隧道；管棚；加固；十字交叉隔壁后拆式；开挖

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A simplified method for investigating the bending behavior of piles supporting embankments on soft ground

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》页码 1021-1032 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0952-3

摘要： In recent years, concrete and reinforced concrete piles have been widely used to stabilize soft ground under embankments. Previous research has shown that bending failure, particularly during rapid filling on soft ground, is the critical failure mode for pile-supported embankments. Here, we propose an efficient two-stage method that combines a test-verified soil deformation mechanism and Poulos’ solution for pile–soil interaction to investigate the bending behavior of piles supporting embankments on soft ground. The results reveal that there are three possible bending failure scenarios for such piles: at the interface between the soft and firm ground layers, at mid-depths of the fan zone, and at the boundary of the soil deformation mechanism. The location of the bending failure depends on the position and relative stiffness of the given pile. Furthermore, the effect of embedding a pile into a firm ground layer on the bending behavior was investigated. When the embedded length of a pile exceeded a critical value, the bending moment at the interface between the soft and firm ground layers reached a limiting value. In addition, floating piles that are not embedded exhibit an overturning pattern of movement in the soft ground layer, and a potential failure is located in the upper part of these piles.

关键词： bending behavior pile embankment soil−structure interaction failure mode

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Behavior of compacted clay-concrete interface

R. R .SHAKIR, Jungao ZHU

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第1期页码 85-92 doi: 10.1007/s11709-009-0013-6

摘要： Tests of interface between compacted clay and concrete were conducted systematically using interface simple shear test apparatus. The samples, having same dry density with different water content ratio, were prepared. Two types of concrete with different surface roughness, i.e., relatively smooth and relatively rough surface roughness, were also prepared. The main objectives of this paper are to show the effect of water content, normal stress and rough surface on the shear stress-shear displacement relationship of clay-concrete interface. The following were concluded in this study: 1) the interface shear sliding dominates the interface shear displacement behavior for both cases of relatively rough and smooth concrete surface except when the clay water content is greater than 16% for the case of rough concrete surface where the shear failure occurs in the body of the clay sample; 2) the results of interface shear strength obtained by direct shear test were different from that of simple shear test for the case of rough concrete surface; 3) two types of interface failure mechanism may change each other with different water content ratio; 4) the interface shear strength increases with increasing water content ratio especially for the case of clay-rough concrete surface interface.

关键词： soil structure interaction simple shear test interface friction compacted clay interface modeling